(
Functional analysis:)
A pair of
real numbers p,q>1 satisfying 1/p+1/q=1.
Without motivation, this is completely idiotic. So here's some...
A version of Hölder's inequality with integrals immediately bounds the result of "applying" a function in Lq to a function in Lp. So any function in Lq is a linear functional on Lp: in symbols, Lq⊆(Lp)*. In fact, equality holds: Lq is the space of linear functionals on Lp (and, by symmetry, Lp is the space of linear functionals on Lq).
For p=1, we "have" q=∞. Except that this is of course not true, and the preceeding paragraph breaks down. It is still true that (L1)*=L∞, but the proof is somewhat different. And L∞ is a completely different sort of space: typically, (L∞)*!=L1, but is much larger.